Teachers: February 2015

Thursday, February 26, 2015

10 Principles Of Effective Web Design Smashing Magazine

Link to 10 Principles Of Effective Web Design

"(Web) Users:

Appreciate quality and credibility!
Don’t read, they scan!
Are impatient and insist on instant gratification!
Don’t make optimal choices.
Follow their intuition.
Want to have control (Source)."

No wonder SCORM does not appeal to learners (and educators) (above 5 years old)! Below 5 years old? Only because they think it is some kind of worm, or it sounds cool!

10 PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE WEB DESIGN?

Don’t make users think!
Don’t squander users’ patience!
Manage to focus users’ attention!
Strive for feature exposure!
Make use of effective writing!
Don’t be afraid of the white space!
Strive for simplicity!
Communicate effectively with a “visible language”!
Conventions are our friends!
Test early, test often!

If this does not make any sense, click here to read between the lines.

SMASHING MAGAZINE?
"Founded in September 2006, Smashing Magazine delivers useful and innovative information for designers and web-developers. Our aim is to inform our readers about the latest trends and techniques in web-development. We don’t try to convince you with the quantity, but with the quality of the information we present. That’s what makes us different. In fact, we smash you with the information which will make your life easier. Really (Source)."

MASTERMINDS?
"Smashing Magazine is maintained by Sven Lennartz, the owner of the Dr. Web Magazine and Vitaly Friedman, the creator of The Web Developer’s Handbook (Source)."

OTHER SMASHING POSTS?
The previous post on OCW collections for web designers was an amazing learning discovery. However, I am not sure if I have the time or patience to explore 60+ courses to find nuggets of learning juice relevant and useful to my learning adventure. No doubt the OCW collections have tremendous value, but for now I am simply looking for smashing articles on specific web stuff that I want to learn (Or discover by accident!). And when I discovered this Smashing Magazine, I was like, "This looks interesting! Hey, this looks even more interesting! WOW, this is the one I am looking for!" Smashing Magazine provides you with short and engaging nuggets of learning tailored to the things you really want to know (in design). They smash you with the learning juice!

To illustrate my point, here are some smashing posts (titles) discovered that I really want to explore soon:

170+ Expert Ideas From World’s Leading Developers
Evolve Your User Interface To Educate Your Users
30 Usability Issues To Be Aware Of
10 Usability Nightmares You Should Be Aware Of
20 (Alternate) Ways to Focus on Users
White Space and Simplicity: An Overview
25 Mind-Blowing Gadgets
Award-Winning Newspaper Designs
PDF: Five Smashing Wisdom Treasures
Google PageRank: What Do We Know About It?
Google AdSense: Facts, FAQs and Tools
45 More Excellent Blog Designs
Monday Inspiration: Innovative Designs and Devices
Monday Inspiration: User Experience Of The Future
Monday Inspiration: 3D-Experience in Flash
65 Excellent Flash Designs

Absolutely SMASHING! So, if you are looking for a course on web design stuff, you have 60+ courses to explore, and if you want to find some short and juicy learning nuggets on web design, Smashing Magazine is a great alternative. Mix formal and informal learning resources and you might just have a smashing learning experience :)

Installation of Pentaho 5 0 1 CE in windows 7 changes made from previous version

Being crazy of Pentaho and its associated tools Id like to share some thing about Pentaho CE 5.0.1 BA latest release..
First of all, Id like to thank you to the web details team for the efforts they kept in bringing up the powerful analytical engine(BA server).

The home page itself make you to stick with BA server where you can enter into the server with "admin" and "password" as the default credentials.. Yes, "joe" user is no more but he left with the same password to log into BA server.

There will be NO more admin console ... Now it is very easy and developer friendly to navigate in one console(User Console) to give data base connections and new roles for new users..

A lot of stuff included in the home page itself, giving the blogs links, books on different tools of pentaho family. In a single word I can say , All the stuff related to Pentaho at a single place. A BI developer like me can reduce the time for developing reports, dashboards , jobs.

Market place for installing C-Tools and the installed plug-ins list drop down is one of the good ideas of the team.

As quick as Pentaho released its CE 5.0.1 , I just downloaded and trying to explore the new look and navigating from all the menus, reports, connection places and etc.

Its very easy to install the pentaho CE BA now in windows...
Installation procedure :
1) Down load the software as a .zip file using this link .
2) Unzip it in your fav folder
3) Click on start-pantaho.bat file

Home page :

NOTE: path and class path for java must be set before the installation.

C program to copy the contents of one file into another

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>

void main()
{
FILE *fp1,*fp2;
char ch,*f1,*f2;
clrscr();

printf("Enter source file name(ex:source.txt): ");
scanf("%s",f1);
printf("Enter destination file name(ex:destination.txt): ");
scanf("%s",f2);

fp1=fopen(f1,"r");
fp2=fopen(f2,"w");

if(fp1==NULL||fp2==NULL)
{
printf("File could not open!!");
exit(0);
}

while((ch=getc(fp1))!=EOF)
putc(ch,fp2);

fclose(fp1);
fclose(fp2);
}

Pentaho Opensource 5 0 1 stable Vs Jasper Professional 5 5 BA Server Tool selection decision making points on 3 categories

Hello Guys,

Here is a small document prepared on differentiating Pentaho Open source Vs Jasper Professional.

Based on the below information one can take decision on tool selection for BI needs.

I would like to present a clear picture with insight & readers of this document are encouraged to add your points in the comment box..

IMP NOTE: Remember , I am comparing the Pentaho Open source(Community) 5.0.1 stable with Jasper Professional(licensed) 5.5

Dashboards :

Key feaute	Pentaho Open source Dashboard	Jasper Professional dashboard
Tool	Community Tools(C-Tools) – Server plug ins CDE(Community Dashboard Editor) CDF(Community Dashboard Framework) CDA(Community Data Access)	iReport/Jasper Studio Desktop stand alone tools
Development of Reports done at	Fly on the server itself	Depends on stand alone designing tools & need to publish to the server and again need to design the dashboard
Responsiveness /Mobile support	Responsiveness is achievable using bootstrap css framework	Lack of responsiveness even though there is Proprtional property of the dashboard designer
Dashboards output end view-able devices	Compatible with Mobile/iPad/laptop/Desktop/TV like big screens	Compatible with laptop/desktop
Charts	Protovis charts implemented, extend able to D3 charts.. can integrate fusion and HTML charts also.	Embedded charts engines – Jfree, Fusion & HTML5 charts. Can integrate protovis/D3 charts using html component of iReport/Jasper Studio
Loading of charts on the dashboard	Will take lesser time using Pentahos powerful caching mechanism	Will take longer time to load the charts on the dashboard
Embedding BI	Achievable using iframe tags	Achievable using iframe tags
Community support	Active	Active as it is a professional .. general community is not so active
Interactivity/Drill down/ Inter charts(frames) communication	Achievable	Achievable
Multi-tenancy	Need to check (will update on this)	Achievable
Customization	Developer friendly	Not developer friendly
Download here	Pentaho Maket Place or install using ctools-installer.sh http://community.pentaho.com/	Purchase license https://www.jaspersoft.com/jaspersoft-business-intelligence-software-trial

Analysis : OLAP Cubes

Key feature	Pentaho Open source Analysis	Jasper Opensource/Pro Analysis
Desktop Stand alone Development Tool	Pentaho Schema workbench	Schema Workbench
Front End tool to view the output	Pviot4J Analytics (or) Saiku Analytics (or) JPivot View (or) BTable (or) Ivy Schema Editor	JPivot View
Ad-hoc Reporting on Cube ouptut	Yes, using Saiku Analytics	Ad-hoc Editor (For jasper pro & enterprise it is an add-on feature. http://www.jaspersoft.com/editions
Query Language	MDX ( Multi Dimensional Expression)	MDX (Mullti Dimensional Expression)
Caching	Enabled – Very fast access of data	Enabled – some what less speed when compared with pentaho server
Community Support	Very Active – Quick Responses	Not so active as it is not a owned product of jasper/tibco
Documentation	Online documentation available with examples	Online pdf documentation is available with Examples

Ad-hoc Reporting

Key feature	Pentaho Open source Ad-hoc	Pentaho Enterprise Ad-hoc	Jasper Pro Ad-hoc
Source for ad-hoc reporting	Meta data layer creation	Meta data layer creation	Create topics OR Create Domains
Tool	Pentaho Meta Data Editor(PME) (Stand alone desktop tool) (OR ) Create JOINS on the fly on the server and use it for ad-hoc reporting	PME	No desktop tool.. directly in the server create Domains OR topics
Output Server tools	WAQR – Web Ad-hoc Query and Reporting (OR) Saiku Reporting compatible with 4.8 server as of now	Interactive Reporting - Advanced of WAQR But WAQR is not supported by any more Interactive reporting is an extension of WAQR in Enterprise Version of pentaho	Jasper Ad-hoc Editor
Support	Deprecated – No longer supported by penatho	On demand support	On demand – Need to be jasper customer
Visualization of Data in the form of charts	No	No	Yes .. using Ad-hoc report output visualization of data in the form of selected charts .

Readers of this post is encouraged to add your points/suggestions in comment box..

Thank you.

Sadakar

BI developer

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Java program to check whether a number is prime or not

class prime
{
public static void main(String...s)
{
int n,i;
n=Integer.parseInt(s[0]);

for(i=2;i<n;++i)
{
if(n%i==0)
break;
}

if(i==n)
System.out.println("
Number is prime");
else
System.out.println("
Number is not prime");
}
}

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Kettle Pass parameters from job to transformation in PDI Retrieve data from table by passing table name as parameter

This post will talk about basic understanding of parameters concept in PDI.

Software Setup :
PDI 5.1.0 CE
PostgreSQL

Concept : Retrieve data from table by passing table name as parameter.

You will learn below things
1) Table input step & database connections
2) Creating parameter(s) in Transformation(s) & Job(s)
3) Passing parameter(s) from job to transformation.

Lets say in foodmart database you have below tables 1) region 2) product 3) customer and etc.
Every time when you pass different table name as parameter you should able to fetch the data coming from the passed table.

1) Table input step & database connections
2) Creating parameter(s) in Transformation(s) & Job(s)

1) Create a new transformation & drag and drop "Table Input" step from Design Pane.

2) Double Click on "Table input" step & Click on New tab to give database connections as shown in below image

3) Define the parameter in transformation ( in this example the table name should go as parameter).
Image A : Right Click on the empty space to get the transformation settings.
Image B : Database Connection Details

Parameter Name is : tableName

4) Come back to the properties of "Table input" & write select statement to retrieve the data.
Eg : SELECT * FROM product LIMIT 100
In above example "product" is the table name that you have to replace with the parameter.
i.e., SELECT * FROM ${tableName} LIMIT 100

Once you write the query, come down check "Replace variables in script"

5) Take a "Dummy" step and connect it to "Table input step" . Save the transformation & run it on "Dummy Step"( Right click dummy step and click on "Preview".

OUTPUT : Test 1 : With "region" table

OUTPUT : Result 1

OUTPUT : Test 2 : With "product" table
* Right click Dummy step then click on Preview
* Click on Configure & then in parameters tab give "product" for tableName value parameter.
OUTPUT : Result 2

3) Passing parameter(s) from job to transformation
* Crtl+Alt to create a new job
* From the "General" node of Design tab ( Appears left side) drag and drop "Transoformation step".
* Drag and drop "START" step and connect these two as shown in below image.

* Double click on "Transformation" step to set the properties & parameter information.
* Browse for the transformation file and then move to parameters tab
* Click on "Get Parameters" then you can find parameter get apper under Parameter tab.

* Right click on empty canvas of job to get its settings & move to Parameters tab and give parameter name as "tableName" and provide default value.

Save the job and run it.

IMP NOTE :
1) Parameter names in job & transformation should match.
2) You can create n number of parameters in job but can pass as many you wish.
3) In job design you should take "START" step to tell the job to start execution from there.
If you ignore you will get below error ( which took me awhile to solve it for the very first time).

Start of job execution
:A serious error occurred during job execution:
Couldnt find starting point in this job.
org.pentaho.di.core.exception.KettleJobException:
Couldnt find starting point in this job.
at org.pentaho.di.job.Job.execute(Job.java:516)
at org.pentaho.di.job.Job.run(Job.java:422)
Spoon - Job has ended.

References :
1) http://wiki.pentaho.com/display/EAI/Named+Parameters
2) http://diethardsteiner.blogspot.in/2013/07/pentaho-kettle-parameters-and-variables.html
3) http://wiki.pentaho.com/display/EAI/Substituting+variable+references+in+Job+Parameter+values

Hope this helps some one like me for the first time who is looking for parameters(named) concept :-)

Cheers :-)

:-) Happy New Year - Welcome - 2015 :-)

Review:
God loves, hype kills. Marketing departments everywhere are doing such a thorough job that it seems every other day, a new entertainment property emerges that is heralded as the be-all, end-all experience ever to grace a movieplex, television screen or concert stage. Usually, the "new best thing" cannot stand up under the weight of expectation.

If the universal hype machine had never been fired up, perhaps folks would just sit back and enjoy their movies, games and music. But as it stands, everyone is expecting the most mind-blowing, orgasmic experience of their lives every time they sit in a theater or pop a game in their console or PC. The second Matrix film, The Matrix Reloaded has been playing to mixed reviews, partially due to the rampant hype that has been unleashed by the creators, media and fans. As the tagline states, no matter where you are "The Matrix Has You."

Enter Enter the Matrix. Developed by Shiny and published by Atari, its the first game ever to exploit the uber-lucrative Matrix license. Its impossible to know what kind of game would have to be shipped in order to avoid disappointment, but its easy to see that Enter the Matrix is not that game.

Hype aside, what it is, is an above-average action game that incorporates cool elements of the film with a decent engine to provide an experience that is similar to Dead to Rights and Max Payne. Whats more, the movies creators went the extra mile to ensure that the game isnt a rehash of what played out onscreen in The Matrix Reloaded. Instead, the movie follows the side-story of Niobe and Ghost, and their missions within the Matrix to help the A Team (Neo, Morpheus and Trinity) succeed. There is tons of exclusive content that was shot at the same time as the film that is inter-cut with the story. That alone is probably worth at least a rental from hardcore Matrix fans, and there are a lot of them in the world. Read more

System requirements:
Windows 98/ME/2000/XP
MINIMUM
Pentium II or AMD Duron 800MHz Processor
128MB RAM
4.3GB Hard Disk Space
nVidia GeForce 256 or ATI Radeon 8500 Video Card
Windows Compatible Sound Card
4X CD-ROM Drive
DirectX 9.0
RECOMMENDED
Pentium III or AMD Athlon 1.2GHz Processor
256MB RAM
7200RPM Hard Disk Speed
Sound Blaster Audigy 2 Sound Card

Screen Shots: Click on the image to view large screen

Download

click to begin

180 MB

I hope you like it......!

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Review:
In the eighties, if my memory serves me right, there was an expression that came about from a commercial and it went something like this; "Wheres the Beef?"
In the illustration to the right, I show the Whats New in AutoCAD® 2002 Window and the list of New Features and Enhanced Features. I think the list speaks for itself. Whats actually surprising to me is that this is being called a "Release". After having looked it over, I seems more appropriate to called it something like AutoCAD 2000i2 or AutoCAD 2000.5. This "Release" is very much like like the previous "Release", AutoCAD® 2000i; where we found numerous integrated features from the Express Tools, VIP program and other Beta Products from Autodesks Beta Site. And, of course, the Internet Tools that put the "i" in AutoCAD 2000i.

In this "Release" we find more integration of features available through other means, like the VIP program; features like the Layer Translator and CAD Standards. With the other new features, like "True Associative Dimensioning" and Text Scale, this AutoCAD comes across as a Productivity Module.

Surface Appearance
Aside from a few different colors on familiar icons, AutoCAD 2002 looks almost exactly like AutoCAD 2000i.

Illustrated to the right is AutoCAD 2002 beta with some toolbars that have new features: Modify I, Dimension, Text and CAD Standards.

Also illustrated to the right is an example of more AutoCAD 2002 changes that are not listed in the "Whats New in AutoCAD 2002" list: The AutoCAD 2002 Today Window. As it turns out, there are actually a lot of changes but most of them are quite subtle.

Though I turn this thing off on every station I work on, the new changes to the AutoCAD 2002 Today Window include Maximize and Minimize buttons for the My Drawings and Bulletin Board panes so you can open up a message from the bulletin board in full wide-screen format. Also include with this Window is a sample HTML page with Java Scripts that can be used to design Web pages that compress automatically for the Today Window. We will probably come back and take a look at that in a future publication.

If you dig into this release you will find other interesting new features that hint at things to come; things like making XML drawing files with the Wblock command. And speaking of Wblock, when is this command going to return to the menu structure? Read more

System Requirements:
Autodesk ended support for AutoCAD 2002 in January of 2006
Microsoft Windows XP, Windows 2000 Professional, Windows NT 4.0, or Windows 98
Microsoft Internet Explorer 6.0
Pentium III or later or compatible
64 MB RAM
300 MB free disk space
1024 x 768 VGA with True Color
Mouse, trackball, or compatible pointing device

Screen Shots: Click on the image to view large screen

Download

click to begin

95 MB

I hope you like it......!

Skip List Data Structure

A skip list is a data structure that is used for storing a sorted list of items with a help of hierarchy of linked lists that connect increasingly sparse subsequences of the items. A skip list allows the process of item look up in efficient manner. The skip list data structure skips over many of the items of the full list in one step, that’s why it is known as skip list.

Skip List

Complexity

	Average Case	Worst Case
Space	O(n)	O(nlogn)
Search	O(logn)	O(n)
Insert	O(logn)	O(n)
Delete	O(logn)	O(n)

Structure of Skip List

A skip list is built up of layers. The lowest layer (i.e. bottom layer) is an ordinary ordered linked list. The higher layers are like ‘express lane’ where the nodes are skipped (observe the figure).

Searching Process

When an element is tried to search, the search begins at the head element of the top list. It proceeds horizontally until the current element is greater than or equal to the target. If current element and target are matched, it means they are equal and search gets finished.

If the current element is greater than target, the search goes on and reaches to the end of the linked list, the procedure is repeated after returning to the previous element and the search reaches to the next lower list (vertically).

Implementation Details

1. The elements used for a skip list can contain more than one pointers since they are allowed to participated in more than one list.

2. Insertion and deletion operations are very similar to corresponding linked list operations.

Insertion in Skip List

Applications of Skip List

1. Skip list are used in distributed applications. In distributed systems, the nodes of skip list represents the computer systems and pointers represent network connection.

2. Skip list are used for implementing highly scalable concurrent priority queues with less lock contention (struggle for having a lock on a data item).

HTML Tutorial

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C program to find the sum of series 1/2+4/5+7/8+......

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

{

int i,n;

clrscr();

float sum=0,x,a=1;

printf("1/2+4/5+7/8+......");

printf("

How many terms(ex: 1,2,3...n)?");

scanf("%d",&n);

for(i=0;i<n;++i)

{

x=a/(a+1);

sum+=x;

a+=3;

}

printf("
Sum=%f",sum);

getch();

}

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Microsofts first Lumia coming Tuesday likely to be new low end smartphone

Microsofts first Windows smartphone since it dumped the Nokia brand will arrive on Tuesday, and a teaser from the company hints that it will be a new low-end model.

The teaser promises a smartphone for everyone, a typical way to position a budget device. The teaser doesnt offer many details beyond the Nov. 11 launch and an image of what looks like an orange smartphone with a front-facing camera, a feature missing from other low-cost Lumias. Rumored specifications include a 5-in. screen and a 5-megapixel camera.The announcement comes two weeks after the company said its switching brand names to Microsoft Lumia.

RAT Limits Of Legality

Anyone serious about learning hacking should make sure to go through all the relevant laws in their jurisdicitions. For those who are not so serious, it is even more important. Simply goofing around may be enough to rack up a hefty fine, probation or even a sentence. In germany, for example, simply owning a tool that can be used for hacking, is a crime. One may actually be convicted for downloading a freaking app. In the same country, a professional penetration tester or a 12 year old may be regarded as criminal hackers just because s/he downloaded Cheat Engine (Im serious) or BackTrack OS. This is not to single out Germans but to show that imperfect laws still exist in almost every countrys constitution (Germans, dont worry. I have a lot more laws to insult from all over the world. But well leave these for another day) This problem depends on your geography only a little, but it is mostly global.

Why bother with all this legal nonsense? If youre not the type to spend your life fighting pointless politics or start protesting around to change existing laws, you need to follow them. After all, what choice do we have? Jail? Sure, why not. If you arent against something, then by definition, you support it. Anyways, lets leave politics for another website.

When it comes to hacking, no matter where you live, practically doing it means walking a fine line. But, before anything else, before the law too, you need to look after yourself and make sure you are aware of every possible consequence of performing a hack or anything even remotely related. From running batch files, which can wreck your computer to hacking a schools server which can get you expelled to leaking NSA secrets which can open the eyes of the world, you need to tread carefully. When it comes to hacking, there is no universal definition of right and wrong. Its different for the government, its different for the anonymous hackers group and it will be different for you and me. While were on this, you may have heard about the "criminal" anonymous hacktivist group and their "illegal" and "unethical" activities in the news and media somewhere. Take a wild guess, whos definition of right or wrong does the media follow?.. The obvious can be surprising. Change your viewpoint and you can change your world.

Coming back to the limits of legality, what all is legal for an average joe who wants to learn hacking? Although the exact answer will depend on your address (another bug in the matrix..), there are some general things you should keep in mind while learning and carrying out different hacking techniques, no matter where you live. These are not only to keep you out of jail but also to protect you from yourself. Since our lives will just keep on getting more and more dependent on technology, hacking is no longer just about hacking. Plus, it wont hurt to double check what youre doing wont get you in trouble.

•Know what youre doing.
Whatever the hacking method youre trying to do, it can never hurt to know a little more than what you need. You just might end up saving yourself a lot of trouble. Just one misplaced command in a batch file virus could spell disaster. As a rule of thumb: If you dont know what youre doing, dont do it. In the world of hacking, its easy to get carried away, specially when you try out something new, it works and you want more. Skipping the learning phase and moving straight to the doing phase is what turns potential hackers into script kiddies. In professional penetration testing, a small mistake in typing the IP address may result in you "hacking" into a whole different company on the other end of the globe. Clearly, they may not care about the difference between "pentesting" and "hacking" and your boss will find a lawsuit waiting to greet him. Actually, typos dont really lead to lawsuits. The point is, a big firm can probably get away with a little mistake. You cant. If you hack into some server or network where you dont have permission, there is no justification for what youre doing there (if youre caught). Now THIS, looks more like lawsuit material.

•Know the consequences of what youre doing.
This is an extension of the previous point. Before performing any hack, you should always try to visualize every step. See it in your mind, what all you need to do and what exactly is the expected outcome. You should try to avoid involving someone elses property or devices when learning hacking. If you stick to what you know, you should always be able to predict what will happen. That will leave only typos and genuine errors. Hacking is not all that dangerous and unpredictable if you know what youre doing.

•Dont hack anyone without their knowledge.
It may be only a fun little trick for you, but for the other person it could be an invasion of privacy or perhaps a massive violation of all the trust they put in you, for the more dramatic ones. Not all hacking techniques can be tried on yourself for practice. Most can, but still some like those involving networking need more systems. Its great if you can find a willing and trust-worthy friend and try hacking eachother for learning. If you ever consider trying larger and more elaborate hacks, taking written permission from all the involved parties is a good idea. For example (students), asking your computer teacher permission to simulate a DDOS attack in the computer lab, or perhaps the local cyber cafe. Another example, hacking public (protected) WiFi networks is illegal. You could try knocking on your neighbours door and advising them to switch over from WEP to WPA. This is what puts the "ethical" in "ethical hacker" and the chances of them giving you the new password by simply asking also increase.

•Know when to stop.
Companies hire penetration testing firms to check the security of their networks but almost always want them to stay away from private and confidential information, even if they have access. If someone were able to "guess" the facebook password of someone, it doesnt give them the right to exploit their ability without regard for anyone else. With each passing moment, our lives are getting more and more integrated with technology making it extremely important to know when to stop.

•Know the law.
In normal hacking, you will probably never need to be worried about legal trouble but it wont hurt to double check. To be extra sure, you can google up the constitution of your country or search for relevant laws regarding hacking.

Thats pretty much all a beginner hacker needs to know about the legal side of hacking. Once again, anything you do on your own computer that affects nobody else is usually safe (for others). As the world is increasingly interconnected, everyone shares the responsibility of securing cyberspace. Hence, it is better to be despised for anxious apprehensions, than ruined by superficial security (a little bit).

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Businesses are finally prying their hands from Microsoft s Windows XP as they warm to Windows 7 .

"Over the years, IT has had a real love affair with XP," said Diane Hagglund, an analyst at Dimensional Research, which surveyed 923 IT professionals about their Windows operating system adoption plans in January. "It was just a great OS. It just worked for them. But that feeling is going away."

In the new study, 40% of the respondents said that theyre worried about the hassles of maintaining the nearly nine-year-old Windows XP as it gets increasingly outdated -- up from 28% in an April 2009 Dimensional survey.

Meanwhile, 60% of the respondents said theyre worried about the cost and overhead of migrating to Windows 7, but that figure is down from 72% last year.

"IT is still more worried about Windows 7 than XP, but the trend is favouring Windows 7," the study said.

Confidence in Windows 7 has climbed since it shipped. Last April, 67% of those polled said they had concerns about Windows 7, which had not yet been released; this year, only 56% said they did.

"The difference was the release of the operating system, the biggest part of that from hands-on experience," Hagglund said, explaining why some in IT have changed their minds about Windows 7. "Theyre trying it at home, many of them, long before it comes to them professionally, so they know what its like."

This story was originally published in Computerworld.com.

Businesses and individual users should start changing before time catches up with them and support for Windows XP is no longer available.

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Documentation Section

This section consists of comment lines which include the name of programmer, the author and other details like time and date of writing the program. Documentation section helps anyone to get an overview of the program.

Link Section

The link section consists of the header files of the functions that are used in the program. It provides instructions to the complier to link functions from the system library.

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Definition Section

All the symbolic constants are written in definition section. Macros are known as symbolic constants.

Global Declaration Section

The global variables that can be used anywhere in the program are declared in global declaration section. This section also declares the user defined functions.

main() Function Section

It is necessary have one main() function section in every C program. This section contains two parts, declaration and executable part. The declaration part declares all the variables that are used in executable part. These two parts must be written in between the opening and closing braces. Each statement in the declaration and executable part must end with a semicolon (;). The execution of program starts at opening braces and ends at closing braces.

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Subprogram Section

The subprogram section contains all the user defined functions that are used to perform a specific task. These user defined functions are called in the main() function.

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Complexity

Structure of Skip List

Searching Process

Implementation Details

Applications of Skip List

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Documentation Section

Link Section

Definition Section

Global Declaration Section

main() Function Section

Subprogram Section